In Texas, Kansas, and New Mexico, ongoing investigations by various government agencies are uncovering the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) among dairy cows. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), along with state veterinary and public health officials, are working diligently to understand and contain this outbreak.
The investigations focus on older dairy cows displaying signs of illness such as decreased lactation, low appetite, and other symptoms. The Texas Animal Health Commission has confirmed the presence of the H5N1 influenza subtype in affected cows. While no deaths have been reported, the recent detection of the virus in a goat in Minnesota has raised concerns about the spread of the disease.
## Testing
Laboratory testing conducted on unpasteurized milk samples from sick cattle in Kansas and Texas has confirmed the presence of HPAI. It is believed that wild birds, which carry the virus in their faeces and oral secretions, are the source of the infection in cattle. With wild birds migrating during spring and summer months, there is an increased risk of farm cases being reported.
The current outbreak highlights the critical importance of monitoring and biosecurity measures on dairy farms to prevent the spread of diseases. Implementing strict biosecurity protocols can help protect livestock from various pathogens carried by wildlife.
## Food Safety
Initial testing by the National Veterinary Services Laboratories has not shown any changes to the virus that would increase transmissibility to humans. This finding indicates that the risk to public health remains low. To ensure food safety, only milk from healthy animals is permitted for processing and consumption.
Dairy producers are taking proactive measures to divert or destroy milk from infected animals to prevent it from entering the food supply chain. Pasteurization of milk effectively eliminates any pathogens present, making it safe for consumption. Consumers can rest assured that there are no risks associated with the milk supply chain.
## Europe
The absence of similar outbreaks in Europe raises questions about the detection and monitoring of avian influenza in livestock. Experts like Thijs Kuiken, a bird flu specialist from the Netherlands, suggest conducting random testing for antibodies in cows to detect potential exposure to the virus. Close monitoring of livestock health and production can help identify any unusual patterns or signs of illness.
With the massive outbreaks of avian influenza in wild and domestic birds, there is a need for heightened surveillance and proactive measures to prevent the spread of the disease to other species. Collaborating on a global scale to monitor and control zoonotic diseases is essential to protect human and animal health.
## Bird Flu
The circulation of HPAI H5N1 among wild birds since 2020 has caused significant economic losses and animal deaths worldwide. Regions like the Netherlands have witnessed large-scale culling of birds to contain the spread of the virus. The impact of avian influenza goes beyond poultry farms, with mammals like sea lions, foxes, mustelids, seals, and bears also succumbing to the disease.
The recent identification of avian influenza in ruminants like cattle marks a concerning development in the spread of the virus. While the impact on milk production in the US is currently minimal, ongoing monitoring and surveillance are crucial to prevent any disruptions in the dairy supply chain.
As the investigation into the spread of HPAI among dairy cows continues, stakeholders across the agricultural sector are urged to remain vigilant and implement strict biosecurity measures. Collaboration between government agencies, veterinary professionals, and dairy producers is key to containing the outbreak and safeguarding public health.
To stay informed about developments in the dairy industry and related sectors, subscribe to Cattle Weekly’s newsletter for the latest updates and insights. Your engagement and feedback are essential in fostering a resilient and sustainable dairy sector in Australia.
