When the vibrant green of new grass signals the arrival of summer, it’s time for cattle producers to shift their focus to grazing. Grazing cattle on pasture not only simplifies herd management but also presents unique challenges. While the benefits of grazing are well established, there is a fine line to tread to prevent overgrazing that can diminish the forage intake and nutrient quality for your herds.
So, how can you make the most of your available grass and ensure effective grazing for your cattle? Here are five simple steps that can be implemented in any geographic location to optimise your cattle grazing practices.
1. Prevent overgrazing
Battling overgrazing is a key priority for cattle producers. Cattle tend to graze for about eight hours a day, with the most nutritional value concentrated in the young leafy parts of the plant. As cattle graze closer to the stem, the nutritional content decreases significantly. Overgrazing not only impacts the nutritional intake of your herds but also sets off a chain reaction of issues within the herd.
To prevent overgrazing, rotational grazing is a popular management strategy. Experts recommend having a minimum of 10 pastures for rotational grazing, with higher numbers yielding better results. It’s essential to monitor the stock density of the pasture and ensure there’s enough feed available. When moving cattle between pastures, prioritize the ones that have recovered the most, rather than the closest ones.
Short grazing periods are optimal for effective cattle grazing. Cattle are selective grazers and tend to target the best and highest quality grasses first. A four-day grazing period in May and June, followed by a 10-day grazing period in warmer months, is ideal. However, these are just guidelines, and factors like stocking density and pasture size should also be taken into account.
2. Minimize the number of herds
Managing multiple cattle herds can be a time-consuming task. By reducing the number of herds, you can streamline your efforts and check on your animals more efficiently. Consider consolidating your cattle into larger herds to save time and labour.
If your pasture size allows, consider increasing the stock density in each herd. It is advisable to have fewer, larger herds rather than numerous smaller herds. Group your cattle based on their nutritional needs, with meat animals in the high group, cows with calves in the mid-group, and dry cows in the low group. Sequentially graze these groups in a pasture to avoid spot grazing and ensure uniform forage consumption.
3. Let the land recover
Allowing the land to recover after grazing is crucial for maintaining its health and productivity. By moving cattle to fresh paddocks and giving the land time to recuperate, you enhance its growth potential. This recovery period stimulates plant growth by removing shading from leaves and grasses, allowing them to thrive.
The length of the rest period for each paddock varies based on the grass type, but a minimum of three weeks is generally recommended. Pay attention to soil health and consider re-seeding to improve forage yield and nutritional value. Conducting annual soil tests and adding soil amendments during recovery periods can strengthen the land for future grazing seasons.
4. Control the weeds
Weed management is an essential aspect of effective cattle grazing. Rotational grazing can help keep weed growth in check, but persistent weed issues may require additional interventions. Identify and control weeds such as goldenrod, thistles, and brush, while removing poisonous plants that pose a threat to your cattle.
Consult a local Cooperative Extension agent to identify problematic weeds and determine the best control methods. Weed control options include cultural, mechanical, chemical, and integrated approaches. The agent’s recommendations will depend on factors such as the type of weed, the scale of the issue, and the size of your operation.
5. Add water
In the quest for optimal grazing strategies, don’t overlook the importance of providing adequate water access for your cattle. Ensure that your paddocks have proper irrigation systems and offer clean, cool drinking water sources for your herd. Regularly clean water tanks, especially during warmer months, to prevent contamination.
Consider the distance your cattle have to travel to reach water sources. Ideally, they should be within 800 feet of a water source at all times to maintain their hydration. Having a man-made water source, rather than relying on natural water sources, can reduce the risk of contamination from wildlife.
By implementing these tips, you can enhance the effectiveness of your cattle grazing practices this season. Consulting with experts and adapting these strategies to suit your specific pasture conditions can further improve your operation.
References:
- 11 Grazing Tips Learned from Top Grazing Managers – Beef Magazine
- 5 Tips for Pasture Management Success – Beef Magazine
- Pastures for Profit: A Guide to Rotational Grazing – USDA NRCS
- 10 Tips for Grazing 365 Days – Missouri Extension
So, as the grass turns greener and the cattle graze contentedly, remember that effective grazing practices can lead to healthier herds and more sustainable pastures. Embrace these simple steps to elevate your cattle grazing game and enjoy the fruits of your efforts this season.
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